Bless God, he went as soldiers,
His musket on his breast—
Grant God, he charge the bravest
Of all the martial blest!
Please God, might I behold him
In epauletted white—
I should not fear the foe then—
I should not fear the fight!
- F 52 (1859)
Here’s a proper fantasy: the heavenly knight, with musket rather than sword, inspiring the poet to battle, um, Evil, I suppose, or maybe death. And it is a proper maiden in whose voice Dickinson writes: she is thankful that her knight died with his musket in his arms. And now she wants him to be top warrior among God’s army. But it would really help if she could just see him. Yeah, I’d like to see him, too! Unfortunately, when Dickinson wrote this, the Civil War was just around the corner. There would be plenty of young heroes dying a death to Bless God for.
However, it is likely that Dickinson does not mean a literal soldier at all. Perhaps she was writing figuratively about a very dear friend, Benjamin Franklin Newton who died of tuberculosis in 1854. His musket might very well have been his pen. Newton was Dickinson’s first Preceptor. After his death she wrote to his pastor, Rev. Hale:
Mr Newton became to me a gentle, yet grave Preceptor, teaching me what to read, what authors to admire, what was most grand or beautiful in nature, and that sublimer lesson, a faith in things unseen, and in a life again, nobler, and much more blessed--. … He often talked of God, but I do not know certainly if he was his Father in Heaven-- Please Sir, to tell me if he was willing to die, and if you think him at Home, I should love much to know certainly, that he was today in Heaven.
The poem and the letter are quite similar, as if Dickinson reworked the letter into poetry five years after writing it. In the poem she asks God if the man died willingly ("as soldiers") and if she could have confirmation of his having joined the ‘blest’—the same questions she had asked Rev. Hale. Rev. Hale apparently gave her reassurance because she later responds:
I thank you when you tell me that he was brave, and patient, and that he dared to die. I thought he would not fear, because his Soul was valiant, but that they met, and fought, and that my Brother conquered, and passed on Triumphing, blessed it is to know, and a full heart of gratitude seems slight indeed to bring you, remembering your kindness.
It's interesting that in her poem, and in her correspondence, what she wants to hear most about is courage about facing death, for Newton, but maybe also for herself to draw upon when she herself will have to face it. Sad at such an age to need that help.
ReplyDeleteThanks for this insight. With each poem the mystery of what drives her becomes both more clear, and confusing.
I was quite abashed to re-read this poem and find that I'd missed what now seems obvious to me: that she was memorializing Frazer Stearns, son of the Amherst College president, who was killed in a Civil War battle in 1862. He was a close friend of her brother and his death hit the whole town hard. The Dickinson weekly site, White Heat, had a very nice article about it: https://journeys.dartmouth.edu/whiteheat/2018/03/16/march-12-16-1862-death-of-frazar-stearns/
ReplyDeleteBoth Johnson and Franklin date this poem to 1859. Frazer Stearns died in 1862.
ReplyDeleteThat this poem is about Newton is virtually certain. As Susan K says, “The poem and the letter are quite similar, as if Dickinson reworked the letter into poetry five years after writing it”. For example, in the letter, ED asks “Please Sir, to tell me if he was willing to die, and if you think him at Home, I should love so much to know certainly, that he was today in Heaven.” In the poem that request becomes, “Please God, might I behold him / In epauletted white”. Throughout the remainder of her life, in her letters ED spoke of Newton many times.
ReplyDeleteIronically, Hale, the pastor of Newton’s church, was not with Newton when he died, although his eventual reply implies that he was:
“What Dickinson didn’t realize was that she had the wrong minister. Worcester had two Unitarian societies, and though Newton did in fact belong to Hale’s church, it was the pastor of the other one, the Reverend Alonzo Hill, who attended his deathbed. A specialist in dying and a meticulous record keeper, Reverend Hill was gradually assembling a curious collection of personal obituaries, in which ……………….. he tried to sum up the life of each person he helped die. His entry for March 24, 1853, reads:
"Benjamin F. Newton Esq Aet 33 [in fact, 32] Consumption He was a member of the Church of the Unity, but desired my attendance during the last days of his sickness. ……….."
The thank-you letter Emily sent in February lacks a salutation but probably went to Hale, not Hill: “I thank you when you tell me that he was brave, and patient – and that he dared to die. I thought he would not fear, because his soul was – valiant – but that they met, and fought, and that my Brother conquered, and passed on triumphing, blessed it is to know.” (Habegger, Alfred. My Wars Are Laid Away in Books).
Apparently, one reason for the delay in Hale’s reply to ED’s first letter was that he had to ask Hill what had happened.